推动“科技—产业—金融”良性循环******
【光明论坛】
2022年中央经济工作会议提出,要推动“科技—产业—金融”良性循环。这与“十四五”规划强调的“构建实体经济、科技创新、现代金融、人力资源协同发展的现代产业体系”耦合,本质上就是通过加强产学研资的深度结合,让科技成果能够及时产业化,发挥金融对科技创新和产业振兴的支持作用,并为金融发展提供坚实的实体经济支持,避免出现金融泡沫化风险,从而把科技创新、产业振兴和金融发展有机结合起来。
推动“科技—产业—金融”良性循环,要加强科技创新原动力。科技创新依赖于科学研究,尤其是基础科学研究。近年来,我国在一些核心技术方面遇到“卡脖子”难题,原因之一是基础性研究投入和研究能力还存在不足。在过去相当长的时间里,我国应用型科技领域成就斐然,形成了产业引导科技发展的方式,但还未大面积形成科技催生新产业的原始动力。中央经济工作会议提出,布局实施一批国家重大科技项目,完善新型举国体制,发挥好政府在关键核心技术攻关中的组织作用,突出企业科技创新主体地位。通过引导企业在基础研究方面投入,消除过于重视短期利益的现象,有利于充分聚焦长期的、底层技术的关键价值,力争取得创新突破,为更好促进产业发展夯实基础。
推动“科技—产业—金融”良性循环,要建立现代产业体系。产业化是科技形成生产力的关键环节。只有通过产业化,科技成果才能在国民经济各个领域得到广泛应用、形成一定经济规模的产品,通过科技创造利润,满足科技研究持续投入的资金需要,从而进一步催生新技术、新产业,形成科技与产业之间的良性互动。当前,外部环境动荡不安,给我国经济带来的影响加深,亟须构建关键技术自主创新体系,发展和安全并举推动传统产业改造升级,培育壮大战略性新兴产业。对此,首先要加大保护知识产权的执法力度,健全知识产权保护体系,加快推进知识产权强国建设。其次要充分挖掘国内大市场潜力,以行业、市场需求为导向引导产业形成产业集群,通过规模经济和产品的多样化、差异化以及国际化实现经济效益。还应当依法保护企业家权益,让参与科技创新和产业化的主体享有合法的权益,激发全社会的科技创新和科技成果转化的动力。
推动“科技—产业—金融”良性循环,要充分发挥金融对实体经济发展的服务作用、资本作为产学研合作的桥梁作用,通过有效配置资源推动科技与产业发展。现代经济发展历史表明,现代国家的崛起离不开一个强大资本市场的支撑。中国的资本市场已成为世界第二大资本市场,是中国特色社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分。此外,银行等金融机构也需要加大对科技创新类企业的信贷支持力度,助力有技术、有科技含量的企业做大做强。建设和运用好多层次的资本市场,中国资本市场要面向科技前沿的“硬科技”领域,汇聚起一批涉及各产业链环节、多应用场景的创新企业,充分利用好社会储蓄资金,推动中国经济高质量发展。
未来,要形成“科技—产业—金融”之间的良性循环,需要进一步强化三者之间相互“看见”“读懂”的纽带。通过建立健全科技创新成果产业化的中介服务体系,确保科技、知识产权等中介服务机构客观、科学评估创新成果产业化的市场价值和发展前景,进而提供更加精准的支持,为建立风险共担的“科技—产业—金融”运行机制提供科学准确的服务,促进科技、金融和实体经济之间的高水平循环。
(作者:王晋斌,系中国人民大学经济学院党委常务副书记、国家发展与战略研究院研究员、中国宏观经济论坛主要成员)
中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |